What are gametes?

Gametes are specialized cells that are crucial for sexual reproduction. They are the reproductive cells that fuse during fertilization to form a new organism. In humans and many other organisms, there are typically two types of gametes: sperm and eggs (ova). Sperm are produced by males, while eggs are produced by females. Each gamete carries half the genetic information needed to create a new individual, which is necessary for maintaining genetic diversity through sexual reproduction.

The role of gametes is central to the formation of a zygote, which then undergoes numerous stages of development to become a fully formed organism. This process ensures the combination of genetic material from both parents, contributing to variation in traits among offspring.

Understanding what gametes are also highlights their difference from other types of cells in the body. For instance, energy-producing cells are primarily related to metabolism, immune cells are involved in protecting the organism from disease, and red blood cells are specifically adapted for oxygen transport. Each of these cell types serves a distinct function apart from the reproductive role fulfilled by gametes.